āđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļāļāļŠāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļŠāļļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ§āļāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļāļ āļāļĢāļ§āļāļ§āļīāļāļīāļāļāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļīāļŦāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļđāđāļāđāļ§āļĒāļĄāļ°āđāļĢāđāļāļāđāļāļāđāļģāļāļĩ āđāļāļ āļēāļāļāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāđāļŦāļāļ·āļ (Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program: CASCAP)Â Â
Liver echo > renal cortex
Liver echo < renal capsule (āļāļąāļāļāļģāļāļ§āđāļē āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļ)
Visible tubular structures are hepatic vein ( intersegmental ) and portal vein ( intrasegmental )
Hepatic vein runs toward IVC with thin wall
Portal vein runs in middle part of the liver with echoic wall and accompanying bile duct ( content in periportal space HA,BD,LYMPHâĶ )Â
Bile duct runs paralell with portal vein
Mild = midly increased liver echogenicity  (compared to the renal cortex)
Moderate = blurring of veins marginsÂ
Severe = significant posterior shadowing
causes
Regeneration
Inflammation and NecrosisÂ
FibrosisÂ
Vascular changeÂ
SteatosisÂ
Iron
Neoplasm
Surface nodularity
Abnormal increase echo textureÂ
coarsen
Small right lobe and medial segment left lobe
Hypertrophy lateral segment of left lobe ,caudate lobe
Dilatation ofÂ
portal vein > 13mm ,Â
splenic vein > 11mm,
SMV >12mm,
coronary vein > 7 mmÂ
Diminished respiratory variation in splenic and SMV
Increased overall blood flow of the splenic and SMV
Recanalized paraumbilical veinÂ
VaricesÂ
Dilatation of splenic and hepatic artery demonstrating increase flow
Splenomegaly
Ascites
Increase periportal echo ( IPE )Â
Periportal fibrosis ( PPF )Â
Periductal fibrosis ( PDF )
